caspian sea region

Due to the current inflow of fresh water in the north, the Caspian Sea water is almost fresh in its northern portions, getting more brackish toward the south. It lies to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the vast steppe of Central Asia. [21], The rising level of the Caspian Sea between 1994 and 1996 reduced the number of habitats for rare species of aquatic vegetation. This is one where the natural resources, here oil and gas, compose more than 10 percent of the country's GDP and 40 percent of exports. Bulla Island, Pirallahı Island, and Nargin, which is still used as a former Soviet base and is the largest island in the Baku bay, hold oil reserves. It would be reasonable to assume that the Caspian Sea is, well, a sea. Compre online Investing in the Caspian Sea Region: Opportunity and Risk, de Macauley, Martin na Amazon. The large Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline conveys Azeri oil to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan and opened in 2006. A recession of the Lake Akchagyl [ru] completed stage one.[34]. If water is, in law, a sea, many precedents and international treaties oblige free access to foreign vessels. [3] Moreover, the Caspian Gates, part of Iran's Tehran province may evince such a people migrated to the south. It covers, net of an eastern very saline lagoon, 375,000 km². There is evidence for Lower Palaeolithic human occupation south of the Caspian from western Alburz. With security of energy supply high on the international agenda, and with fears of resource shortages re-surfacing, the countries of the Caspian region are stepping onto the global stage, claiming for themselves new roles as providers of resources to the world. There is also by the town of Baku, another kind of oil which is white and very precious [i.e., petroleum]. [4] Some Turkic ethnic groups refer to it with the Caspi(an) descriptor; in Kazakh it is called Каспий теңізі, Kaspiy teñizi, in Kyrgyz: Каспий деңизи (Kaspiy deñizi), in Uzbek: Kaspiy dengizi. This activity has a rich history. It has a salinity of approximately 1.2% (12 g/l), about a third that of average seawater. [11] Currently, the mean salinity of the Caspian is one third that of Earth's oceans. It is bordered on the northeast by Kazakhstan, on the southeast by Turkmenistan, on the south by Iran, on the southwest by Azerbaijan, and on the northwest by Russia. He was a hydrographer who charted and made much better known the sea such as its measurements. claim that a medieval rising of the Caspian, perhaps caused by the Amu Darya changing its inflow to the Caspian from the 13th century to the 16th century, caused the coastal towns of Khazaria, such as Atil, to flood. The conference was hosted by the Kazakh Ministry of Investment and Development. Map is showing the Caspian Sea, an inland sea at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The level of the Caspian has fallen and risen, often rapidly, many times over the centuries. It is often listed as the world's largest lake, although it is not freshwater. Today, fewer than 10% remain. Five Caspian states – Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan – have adopted a convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and may be best known for its caviar and oil industries. [69], Representatives of the Caspian littoral states held a meeting in the capital of Kazakhstan on September 28, 2018 as a follow-up to the Aktau Summit. This has been attributed to a general lack of seeding material in newly formed coastal lagoons and water bodies. The collapse of the Soviet Union allowed the market opening of the region. The Middle and Southern Caspian account for 33% and 66% of the total water volume, respectively. The Caspian Sea is commonly divided into three parts, the North, Middle and South Caspian Sea. Upgrading the Volga–Don Canal would be another option. It is bounded by Kazakhstan from mid-north to mid-east, Russia from mid-north to mid-west, Azerbaijan to the southwest, Iran to the south and adjacent corners, and Turkmenistan along southern parts of its eastern coast. During the first stage, the Tethys Sea had evolved into the Sarmatian Lake, that was created from the modern Black Sea and south Caspian, when the collision of the Arabian peninsula with Western Asia pushed up the Kopet Dag and Caucasus Mountains, lasting south and west limits to the basin. [22] Other examples of endemics are four species of Clupeonella, Gobio volgensis, two Rutilus, three Sabanejewia, Stenodus leucichthys, two Salmo, two Mesogobius and three Neogobius. This underpinning a modest birth rate and wide higher education sector leads them capitalise from their high-value natural-resource-based economies. About 11 plant species are found in the Samur River Delta, including the unique liana forests that date back to the Tertiary period. [22] The last of these is arguably the largest freshwater fish in the world. The Central Asian steppes stretch across the northeast coast, while the Caucasus mountains hug the western shore. [22] About 62% of the species and subspecies are endemic, as are 4–6 genera (depending on taxonomic treatment). Reptiles native to the region include spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca buxtoni) and Horsfield's tortoise. As an endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau of Western Asia. Countries on the Caspian region, particularly Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have a universal education legacy left by the Soviet Union. More later evidence for human occupation of the region came from a number of caves in Georgia and Azerbaijan such as Kudaro and Azykh Caves. The area has given its name to several species, including the Caspian gull and the Caspian tern. These projects would allow Western markets easier access to Kazakh oil and, potentially, Uzbek and Turkmen gas as well. Existing and planned oil and gas pipelines under the sea further increase the potential threat to the environment. The Vladimir Filanovsky oil field in the Russian section of the body of water was discovered in 2005. The list of cargoes transferred via the port includes rolled metal, lumber, palletized cargoes, bulk bags, various bulk dry cargoes, grain cargoes, oil, equipment, large-capacity and long cargoes, intermodal containers and others. The Caspian is divided into three distinct physical regions: the Northern, Middle, and Southern Caspian. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, peaceful nuclear construction experiments, Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, "Welcome to the Caspian Sea Level Project Site", "Caviar pool drains dry as Caspian Sea slides towards catastrophe", "Культурно-исторический контекст археологического комплекса Гобустан", "Azerbaijan: Land of Fire and Flood – Ancient Mariners and a Deluged Landscape – Rock Art Evidence of a Marine Inflow", "The Ice Age Rise and Fall of the Ponto Caspian: Ancient Mariners and the Asiatic Mediterranean", "Gobustan Petroglyphs – Methods & Chronology", Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran, "Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography, §132", "The Development of the Oil and Gas Industry in Azerbaijan, "Back to the Future: Britain, Baku Oil and the Cycle of History, "Caspian Sea Map, Caspian Sea Location Facts History, Major Bodies of Water", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO", "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", "Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects", "LUKOIL starts up V. Filanovsky in the Caspian Sea", "Volume of oil tanker transportation in Caspian Sea to increase", Russia Tries to Scuttle Proposed Trans-Caspian Pipeline, "WikiLeaks cables: BP suffered blowout on Azerbaijan gas platform", "WikiLeaks Reveals BP's 'Other' Offshore Drilling Disaster", https://gsaz.az/en/articles/view/105/Characteristics-of-Caspian-Sea, http://www.azadliq.org/contentinfographics/%C4%B1nfographics/26613064.html, https://www.isna.ir/news/97052211612/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1-%DA%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA, https://www.livescience.com/57999-caspian-sea-facts.html, "8.3 The Status of the Caspian Sea – Dividing Natural Resources Between Five Countries", "Five states sign convention on legal status of Caspian Sea", "Caspian Sea states to host sea-related investment forum every two years", "Are the Littoral States Close to Signing an Agreement on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea? The high price of sturgeon caviar—more than 1,500 Azerbaijani manats[20] (US$880 as of April 2019[update]) per kilo—allows fishermen to afford bribes to ensure the authorities look the other way, making regulations in many locations ineffective. A northern alternate is the Volga-Baltic (a sea which has a connection to the North Sea of the Atlantic, as the White Sea does via the White Sea-Baltic canal. However, Iran insists on a single, multilateral agreement between the five nations (aiming for a one-fifth share). December 6, 2020. Russia officially opposes the project on environmental grounds. The period of restriction to the south basin was reversed during the Akchagylian – the lake became more than three times its size today and took again the first of a series of contacts with the Black Sea and with Lake Aral. Countries on the Caspian region, particularly Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have a universal education legacy left by the Soviet Union. The length of the coastline of these countries:[62]. The Iranian city of Qazvin shares the root of its name with this common name for the sea. It was announced in October 2016 that Lukoil would start production from it. This underpinning a modest birth rate and wide higher education sector leads them capitalise from their high-value natural-resource-based economies. The length of the coastline of these countries:[61], Five states are located along about 6500 km of Caspian coastline. [14] The Northern–Middle boundary is the Mangyshlak Threshold, which runs through Chechen Island and Cape Tiub-Karagan. By 1941, Azerbaijan was producing a record 23.5 million tons of oil per year – its Baku region output was nearly 72 percent of the Soviet Union's oil.[41]. The most likely route for the canal, the officials at the Committee on Water Resources at Kazakhstan's Agriculture Ministry say, would follow the Kuma–Manych Depression, where currently a chain of rivers and lakes is already connected by an irrigation canal (the Kuma–Manych Canal). Encontre diversos livros escritos … [52], Baku has the main moorings of all large vessels, such as oil tankers, in Azerbaijan. The development of the shipping industry in Azerbaijan is closely connected with the formation and progress of the oil industry. [22] Among the more than 50 genera in the lake proper, 3–4 are endemic: Anatirostrum, Caspiomyzon, Chasar (often included in Ponticola) and Hyrcanogobius. Weekly Magazine and blog New Thinking. The sea stretches nearly 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from north to south, with an average width of 320 km (200 mi). 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