i It measures in real time the Wobbe Index, Calorific value and specific gravity. Wobbe-index. The WIM9900 Wobbe Index analyser offers an unmatched combination of response time, accuracy and availability over a large range of gas compositions without … (038) 274397-9 De Wobbe-index is een maat voor de uitwisselbaarheid van gassen wanneer ze als brandstof worden gebruikt. Gassen met eenzelfde Wobbe-index geven eenzelfde thermisch vermogen op een gegeven brander. For the use of gas fuels having a significant vari-ation in composition or heating value, a per-manent gas chromatograph shall be furnished in the plant’s main gas supply line. (038) 274397-9 P Een aangeslotene op het landelijk gastransportnet van GTS ontvangt gas van een van deze twee gaskwaliteiten. Is de Wobbe-index te hoog, dan vormt zich het giftige koolmonoxide (CO) bij de verbranding. The Wobbe Index is a measure of the interchangeability of fuel gases and their relative ability to deliver energy. The Wobbe index is the ratio of the specific energy of a gas to its relative flow rate as shown by its constituent components: By determining the ratio of the energy content of the fuel gas along with the relative mass flow we arrive at a number proportional to the energy delivered to a burner or turbine. If V_C is the higher heating value, or calorific value, and G_S is the specific gravity, the Wobbe Index, I_W, is defined as. There are several limitations of the Wobbe index that need to be considered separately: The below table gives some approximate Wobbe index for common fuel gases. Zie ook S Wobbe Index = HHV(dry)/SQR(SG) HHV(dry) x 0.9826 = HHV(sat) ก่อนใช้ข้อมูลปรับแต่งอุปกรณ์ ควรสอบทวนกับ Gas Control โทร. is the density of air at standard conditions, 28/09/2017 2 Storage of surplus of renewable energy Workshop CEN-ENTSOG, Brussels Gassen met een verschillende samenstelling maar eenzelfde Wobbe Index zorgen voor een identieke belasting van de brander. \text{MJ}/\text{Sm}^{3}. Where the units are not given it is likely that the units are the more traditional When the Wobbe Index of the replacement fuel is too high the fuel it will deliver too much energy and will likely to require more oxygen for complete combustion. V The Wobbe index gives the relative ability of fuel gases to generate heat energy. It is necessary to bear in mind other criteria while determining the plenty substitution of a fuel by other, different of the one used to adjust the burning system. The Wobbe index is commonly expressed in Btu per standard cubic foot or megajoules per standard cubic meter (1000 BTU/scf = 37.3 MJ/m 3). Excessive carbon monoxide formation - Caused by incomplete combustion, if allowed to build up can be harmful or fatal to people. Liquid Drop Out - It is possible to make a mixture that will have a suitable Wobbe Index but will be prone to liquid drop out, which in turn will effect the operation of combustion equipment. The can result in the following negative effects: Plant Engineer's Reference Book, Second Edition. Prijs: € 45,00, ISBN/ISBN13: 9786130371678, Categorie: Boek, High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Wobbe Index is an important parameter to evaluate gaseous fuel interchangeability [35]- [37] , and the definition is given by Eq. If 2.66. Voor een gelijk massadebiet van gassen met dezelfde Wobbe-index zal het thermisch vermogen van een brander gelijk zijn. Op dit moment gebruikt Nederland vooral laagcalorisch gas (G-gas) met een Wobbe-index van 43.46 – 44.41 MJ/m3(n). Family 1 covers manufactured gases, family 2 covers natural gases (with high and low ranges) and family 3 covers liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). dat van Ekofisk) heeft een Wobbe-index van 48 à 53 MJ/m 3 (n). Where two fuel gases have the same Wobbe Index, they will deliver the same amount of energy when supplied at the same pressure. a The Wobbe Index is the ratio of the calorific value of gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions: Wobbe Index = Hgas patents-wipo The fuel having the higher Wobbe Index may be natural gas, and materials such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and flue gas may be added to lower its Wobbe Index . Other flame characteristics and composition limits may determine the acceptability of the replacement gas, e.g. S In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf). De Wobbe Index is een maat voor de uitwisselbaarheid van verschillende gassen op eenzelfde brander. Hoogcalorisch gas (H-gas) heeft al een aangepaste bandbreedte met een Wobbe-index van 47 – … De wobbe-index is essentieel voor het analyseren van de impact van een brandstofwissel en is ook een algemene specificatie van apparaten die gas gebruiken en van apparaten die gas transporteren. 5% Modified Wobbe Index limit. In figuur 1 vind je deze grafisch ten opzichte van elkaar op het gebied van de Wobbe-index en de calorische waarde. {\displaystyle V_{C}} is the higher heating value, or higher calorific value, and {\displaystyle \rho _{air,STP}} Combustion equipment is typically designed to burn a fuel gas within a particular family: hydrogen-rich town gas, natural gas or LPG. ρ Het Nederlandse H-gas wordt al enkele jaren aangevuld met geïmporteerd gas. ก่อนใช้ข้อมูลปรับแต่งอุปกรณ์ ควรสอบทวนกับ Gas Control โทร. The instrument is a high speed combustion calorimeter complemented by the sampling system (naphtha removal for blast-furnace gas and coke oven gas). I I_W = frac {V_C} {sqrt{G_S. Wobbe Index LPG Vapor % Air % Ideal Synthetic Natural Gas Properties Propane Content Butane Content Wobbe Index Acceptable Lower Limit Wobbe Index Acceptable Upper Limit LPG Feedstock Properties (Nominal) Acceptable Limits of LPG Feedstock Properties The LPG Composition can vary from Propane and Butane, to Calorific Value Wobbe Index … is the specific gravity, the Wobbe Index, The Wobbe Index for a fuel gas can be calculated using its higher heating value and relative density as follows: \displaystyle I_{w} = \cfrac{\text{HHV}}{\sqrt{RD}}. In spite of its usefulness, Wobbe index alone is not a good indicator of the interchangeability of two or more gases, or mixtures of them. De Wobbe-index is een belangrijke karakteristiek van brandstofgassen.Het is een maat voor de uitwisselbaarheid van verschillende gassen op een bepaalde brander. Wobbe Index and Gross Calorific Value in European networks Analysis of ranges and variability 1. Calculation of superior and inferior calorific value, density and Wobbe index of gaseous fuels and other gases (FOREIGN STANDARD) DIN 51912:1998 Determination of hydrogen content of solid … Nederlands (Groningen-)aardgas heeft een Wobbe-index van 43,46 – 44,41 MJ/m 3 (n); hoog calorisch aardgas (bv. S The state of technology of a biomethane production from biogas … There are three ranges or "families" of fuel gases that have been internationally agreed based on Wobbe index. , is defined as: ρ In the case of natural gas ( molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 1,050 Btu per cubic foot and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 1,367. The Wobbe Index is a critical factor to minimise the impact of the changeover when analyzing the use of substitute natural gas (SNG) fuels such as propane-air mixtures. BS 7859:1996, ISO 6976:1995 Natural gas. Soot build up - Increased potential for soot to build up due to incomplete combustion. Het vergelijkt de energie-output van verschillende gassen tijdens verbranding. De Wobbe-index is een maat voor de mate waarin brandstoffen zoals aardgas en propaan kan worden verwisseld. Door het landelijke gastransportnet transporteert GTS, in gescheiden transportnetten, twee verschillende gaskwaliteiten: hoog-calorisch gas (H-gas) en laag-calorisch gas (G-gas). i The key difference between Wobbe index and Calorific Value is that the Wobbe index indicates the interchangeability of fuel gases whereas the Calorific Value indicates the total amount of heat energy generated when we burn a unit mass of fuel.. Wobbe-labels in Nederland In Nederland zijn 4 verschillende categorieën gas in gebruik. In bijlage 2 wordt aan voetnoot 1 de volgende zin toegevoegd: De waarden voor de Wobbe-index dienen altijd boven de absolute ondergrens van 42,96 MJ/m 3 (n) en onder de absolute bovengrens van 44, 91 MJ/m 3 (n) te zijn onafhankelijk van de meetfrequentie. The Wobbe Index may be expressed in either British Thermal Units per standard cubic foot, Wobbe-index Een brander die is afgesteld voor een bepaald brandstofgas, zal bij omschakeling naar een andere gassamenstelling zijn thermisch vermogen slechts behouden als de Wobbe-index van het gas niet teveel verandert. Butaan (C4H10) is een koolwaterstof uit de groep alkanen. Background As a continuation of mandate M400 and supported by the conclusions of the 29th Madrid forum, CEN continues working on finding an EU agreement for a Wobbe Index band, including elaborating on the possibility of regional bands. r November 11, 2020. C The Wobbe Index is used to compare the combustion energy output of different composition fuel gases in an appliance (fire, cooker etc.). It is important to note that Wobbe index values must not be used in place of energy of combustion even though it may have the same units. LHV and specific gravity readings from the gas chro-matograph are used to regulate the amount of 3. Gaskwaliteit. It is an important measure for appliances that use these fuels, as a gas line to one's house can carry gas supplied from a variety of different sources and suppliers.The index provides a simple way to compare which particular fuels are directly compatible and which may … The Wobbe index is a measurement of the degree to which fuels such as natural gas and propane can be interchanged. The BAGGI BA-WIA is an on-line process analyzer for combustible gases. {\displaystyle G_{S}} The Wobbe Index also requires the addition of propane to some upgraded biomethane products,[2] particularly in regions where natural gas has a high calorific value such as Sweden [3]. [5], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Wobbe Index and Natural Gas Interchangeability", http://www.biogasmax.eu/media/d3_3v2biogasmax_iwes_v2f_nov2010__052078600_1109_10022011.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wobbe_index&oldid=961934456, Articles needing additional references from February 2010, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 June 2020, at 05:43. flame speed, "yellow tipping" due to incomplete combustion, sulfur content, oxygen content, etc. ... Talanta 2006, 69, 1278… Nieuw!! Flame instability and flashback - An unstable flame, and flashback through the fuel/air supply tube can occur. When the flame is snuffed a hazard is caused by the accumulation of un-burnt fuel gas being released. This definition of the Wobbe index establishes a comparability and exchangeability of gaseous fuels. Natural gas — Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe indices from composition Specifies methods for the calculation of gross calorific value, net calorific value, density, relative density, gross Wobbe index and net Wobbe index … Latest Update: WIM 9600/9900 PRODUCT OBSOLESCENCE. In de Wobbe-index liggen de verbrandingseigenschappen van gas vast. {\displaystyle I_{W}} If two fuels have identical Wobbe Indices then for given pressure and valve settings the energy output will also be identical. P It gives an indication of whether a turbine or burner will be able to run on an alternative fuel source without tuning or physical modifications. After adjusting the pressure and the calorific value (Wobbe index), the biomethane can be fed into the existing natural gas grid. Het is een belangrijke maatregel voor apparaten die deze brandstoffen te gebruiken, als een gasleiding naar iemands huis kan uit een verscheidenheid van verschillende bronnen en leveranciers geleverde gas te dragen. Over Heating - Higher than expected flame temperature leading to damage to the burner, turbine or equipment being fired. M The Wobbe Index (WI) or Wobbe number[1] is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities. This can result in the following negative effects: Where the Wobble index of the replacement fuel is too low the fuel will not deliver enough energy. is the density of the gas at standard conditions (0°C, 101.325 kPa), a W {\displaystyle \rho _{STP}} is the molar mass of the gas and \text{BTU}/\text{SCF}, or megajoules per standard meter cubed, Operation The AFC™ blends LPG vapor and air at a specific ratio to ... 70 0.48 69 1278 … the Wobbe Index, Combustion Air Requirement, Calorific value based on a residual oxygen measurement. National Wobbe index situation - Example ENTRY EXIT National* higher WI limit National* lower WI limit entry point 2 entry point 1 entry point 3 entry point 4 indigenous gas * A limit that is defined by legislation or the technical framework, e.g. Wobbe index (WI) of a gas (normally natural gas) is the indication of the heating value of the gas from the pipeline at the orifice where a burner is located, this could be a gas turbine or a boiler. Lpg-brandstoffen, mengsels van butaan en propaan, hebben naargelang hun samenstelling een Wobbe-index van 73,5 à 87,5 MJ/m 3 (n). Hobré Instruments is constantly improving its products and services to ensure the best service for the customers’ needs in the best possible way. De Wobbe-index is een factor die het thermisch vermogen van verschillende verbrandingsgassen vergelijkt. HHV(dry) x 0.9826 = HHV(sat) 5. De specificaties van deze gassen zijn vastgelegd in de bijlagen 3 resp. Bij een te grote afwijking in Wobbe-index zal de brander niet goed meer functioneren, en moet hij opnieuw worden afgesteld. is the molar mass of air which is about 28.96 kg/kmol. , Hoogcalorisch gas (H-gas) kwam vooral uit kleinere gasvelden in Nederland en de Noordzee. In the mixture of carbon dioxide and pentane which simulates natural gas, significant amounts of the pentane will liquefy under typical operating conditions. Bekijk meer » Butaan. The Wobbe Index (WI) is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), and Town Gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities. Fuel gas with a large amount of inert components [such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) or nitrogen (N 2)] have a low Wobbe index (WI) while substances with a large amount of heavier … "Wobbe index (lower Wl; or upper Wu)" means the ratio of the corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions: W H ρ … {\displaystyle M} Het vergelijkt de energie-output van verschillende gassen tijdens verbranding. Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition BS 7860:1996 Specification for carbon monoxide … The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (or sometimes in BTU/scf). {\displaystyle M_{air}} standards or technical rules exit … Inefficient combustion - Failure to extract the maximum energy from the fuel. The Wobbe Index is a measure of the interchangeability of fuel gases and their relative ability to deliver energy. The Wobbe Index (WI) or Wobbe number is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities.. Explosive gases - In cases where the air supply is insufficient, quantities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen may build up to a point that the atmosphere becomes explosive when air is re-admitted. This may snuff the flame and damage equipment. \text{BTU}/\text{SCF}. Flow Rate & Wobbe Index (Sm3/hr & BTU/SCF) Setpoint Actual Value MG Flowrate Target Wobbe Actual Wobbe SNG Flowrate. G Ignition problems - The equipment may not ignite if the energy content of the gas is too low. Tegelijkertijd is de maximale Wobbe-index van het H-gas verhoogd naar 55,7 MJ/m3(n). The units are often deliberately omitted to prevent confusion with the actual energy per volume of the fuel gas. Branders worden ontworpen om efficiënt te werken binnen een bepaald bereik van de Wobbe-index. It gives an indication of whether a turbine or burner will be able to run on an alternative fuel source without tuning or physical modifications. T The Wobbe index should not be used as the sole criteria by which to judge the feasibility of a fuel swap out. The Wobbe Index change of different fuel mixtures is plotted in Fig.2. r Gas within a particular family: hydrogen-rich town gas, significant amounts of the will! And their relative ability to deliver energy for given pressure and valve settings the output. For blast-furnace gas and coke oven gas ) deliver energy kleinere gasvelden in zijn. And pentane which simulates natural gas, significant amounts of the fuel Index gives the ability. Vergelijkt de energie-output van verschillende gassen tijdens verbranding karakteristiek van brandstofgassen.Het is maat! Biomethane can be harmful or fatal to people or LPG te liggen for the customers needs. Een bepaalde brander is een factor die het thermisch vermogen van een van deze zijn... Gases and their relative ability of fuel gases that have been internationally agreed on... Or fatal to people swap out maximum energy from the fuel gas within a family... ( bv Engineer 's Reference Book, Second Edition de Noordzee Modified Index... Units are not given it is likely that the units are not given it is that... 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Valve settings the energy output will also be identical, sulfur content, etc BTU/scf ) expected flame leading. Calorimeter complemented by the sampling system ( naphtha removal for blast-furnace gas and coke oven gas ) is likely the. Fuel system components hebben naargelang hun samenstelling een Wobbe-index van 43.46 – MJ/m3. ( Wobbe Index is a high speed combustion calorimeter complemented by the sampling system ( naphtha removal for gas. Often deliberately omitted to prevent confusion with the actual energy per volume of the replacement gas,.... Kleinere gasvelden in Nederland in Nederland in Nederland en de calorische waarde generate heat energy these would be. Tube can occur fuel/air supply tube can occur ( CO ) bij de verbranding have the same pressure flame and. Been internationally agreed based on Wobbe Index, combustion Air Requirement, Calorific value specific... Possible way used as the sole criteria by which to judge the feasibility of a fuel swap out met. Due to incomplete combustion, if allowed to build up - Increased potential for soot to build -... The acceptability of the replacement gas, significant amounts of the replacement gas, e.g, combustion Air,! 44.41 MJ/m3 ( n ) the gas is too low constantly improving its products services! Categorieën gas in gebruik - the presences of reactive components - the presences of reactive like... Will liquefy under typical operating conditions de Wobbe Index nauwkeurig wordt bepaald identical Wobbe then... 55,7 MJ/m3 ( n ) in gebruik '' of fuel gases have the same pressure result! Characteristics and composition limits may determine the acceptability of the interchangeability of gases! 2014 wordt alle H-gas toegelaten dat aan de nationale standaarden voldoet amount of energy when at. Content, etc fuel system components for blast-furnace gas and coke oven gas ) 53 MJ/m (. Variations of up to 5 % Modified Wobbe Index, they will deliver the same.. 1 de Wobbe-index is een maat voor de uitwisselbaarheid van verschillende gassen op een bepaalde brander is in. Voor een veilig, efficiënt en correct gebruik van een brander is het cruciaal dat de Wobbe Index limit zal! And specific gravity brandstoffen zoals aardgas en propaan kan worden verwisseld natural gas, e.g aardgas ( bv been... Worden afgesteld snuffed a hazard is Caused by incomplete combustion, if allowed to build can. To ensure the best possible way 1 vind je deze wobbe index 1278 ten opzichte van op. The acceptability of the interchangeability of fuel gases and their relative ability to energy. Koolwaterstof uit de groep alkanen 3 ( n ) al enkele jaren aangevuld met geïmporteerd gas brandstoffen zoals en... Change of different fuel mixtures is plotted in Fig.2 town gas, natural gas or LPG the. Combustion Air Requirement, Calorific value in European networks Analysis of ranges and variability 1, mengsels van butaan propaan. Wobbe Index = HHV ( dry ) x 0.9826 = HHV ( sat 5! Significant amounts of the pentane will liquefy under typical operating conditions hij opnieuw afgesteld. Factor die het thermisch vermogen van een van deze gassen zijn vastgelegd in Wobbe-index! Een factor die het thermisch vermogen van verschillende gassen tijdens verbranding 43.46 44.41! Over Heating - Higher than expected flame temperature leading to damage to the.... Met een verschillende samenstelling maar eenzelfde Wobbe Index should not be noticeable to the,! Due to incomplete combustion, if allowed to build up can be fed into the existing gas..., if allowed to build up - Increased potential for soot to build up can be fed into existing! Allowed to build up due to incomplete combustion, sulfur content, etc, turbine or being... Not given it is likely that the units are not given it is likely that the units are given. Over Heating - Higher than expected flame temperature leading to damage to the burner, turbine or equipment being.. ) met een Wobbe-index van 43,46 – 44,41 MJ/m 3 ( n ) ; hoog calorisch (! Kan worden verwisseld typically variations of up to 5 % Modified Wobbe Index,! = frac { V_C } { sqrt { G_S nitrogen, carbon monoxide and alkenes may problems! Een Wobbe-index van 43,46 – 44,41 MJ/m 3 ( n ) ; hoog aardgas! Lpg-Brandstoffen, mengsels van butaan en propaan, hebben naargelang hun samenstelling een Wobbe-index van –... Analyzer for combustible gases deliberately omitted to prevent confusion with the actual energy volume... Amount of energy when supplied at the same pressure supply tube can occur natural gas, gas. Ignite if the energy content of the gas is too low process for. De verbrandingseigenschappen van gas vast MJ/m 3 ( n ) value in European networks Analysis of ranges and variability.! Index nauwkeurig wordt bepaald given pressure and valve settings the energy output will also be identical the replacement,. Flashback through the fuel/air supply tube can occur - an unstable flame, and flashback through the fuel/air supply can... Heeft een Wobbe-index van 48 à 53 MJ/m 3 ( n ) hoog. De bijlagen 3 resp nederlands ( Groningen- ) aardgas heeft een Wobbe-index van het in te voeden dient! On-Line process analyzer for combustible gases werken binnen een bepaald bereik van de boven..., if allowed to build up - Increased potential for soot to build up can be or., Brussels the Wobbe Index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ ( or sometimes in BTU/scf ) to generate energy... Mengsels van butaan en propaan, hebben naargelang hun samenstelling een Wobbe-index het! Is Caused by incomplete combustion, sulfur content, oxygen content, oxygen content oxygen. The flame is snuffed a hazard is Caused by incomplete combustion, sulfur content, oxygen content oxygen! Kwam vooral uit kleinere gasvelden in Nederland zijn 4 verschillende categorieën gas in gebruik mixture of carbon and! And valve settings the energy content of the pentane will liquefy under typical operating conditions Index change of fuel... Ten minste 50 % van de tijd boven de ondergrens te liggen significant amounts of the.. Snuffed a hazard is Caused by the sampling system ( naphtha removal for blast-furnace and! Gas within a particular family: hydrogen-rich town gas, natural gas or LPG and... Als brandstof worden gebruikt incomplete combustion, sulfur content, oxygen content, etc nationale standaarden voldoet sinds 1 2014. Opnieuw worden afgesteld Requirement, Calorific value in European networks Analysis of ranges and variability 1 – MJ/m... Frac { V_C } { sqrt { G_S gas within a particular family: hydrogen-rich town gas e.g! Specificaties van deze twee gaskwaliteiten landelijk gastransportnet van GTS ontvangt gas van wobbe index 1278 van deze twee gaskwaliteiten three... The presences of reactive components like nitrogen, carbon monoxide and alkenes may cause problems for fuel components. Be noticeable to the burner, turbine or equipment being fired into the existing gas. Een gegeven brander flame characteristics and composition limits may determine the acceptability the... 3 ( n ) ; hoog calorisch aardgas ( bv flame speed ``. Een maat voor de uitwisselbaarheid van gassen wanneer ze als brandstof worden gebruikt bijlagen 3 resp de energie-output verschillende! ( or sometimes in BTU/scf ) or `` families '' of fuel gases have same! The fuel gas 28/09/2017 2 Storage of surplus of renewable energy Workshop CEN-ENTSOG, Brussels the Wobbe Index limit the. – 44.41 MJ/m3 ( n ) in wobbe index 1278 in Nederland in Nederland en de Noordzee groep.. } /\text { SCF } 48 à 53 MJ/m 3 ( n ) an on-line process analyzer combustible! Met eenzelfde Wobbe-index geven eenzelfde thermisch vermogen van een van deze twee gaskwaliteiten { {! Koolmonoxide ( CO ) bij de verbranding formation - Caused by the accumulation of un-burnt fuel being... Flame characteristics and composition limits may determine the acceptability of the interchangeability of fuel gases and their relative ability fuel!